In the world of digital imagery, it is not a one-size-fits-all scenario. Digital imagery is more complicated than we care to know. From a polished product image on an e-commerce site to an image on a browser tab, images serve various purposes and consequently come in different formats.
An image format is heavily dependent on the image’s deployment. Using the wrong format can result in slow loading speeds of the site, pixelated images, and even harm search engine optimization.

In the vast digital landscape, images are the cornerstone of engagement, communication, and aesthetic appeal. From stunning product photography on an e-commerce site to a simple icon on a mobile app, visuals capture attention and convey messages far more effectively than text alone. However, the world of digital imagery is not a one-size-fits-all scenario. Using the wrong format can lead to longer loading times and undesired image outcomes.

In this post, we will examine the most common image formats, their technical intricacies, strengths, and weaknesses, and ultimately provide clear scenarios for when each should be used. By the end, you’ll be equipped with the knowledge to make informed decisions about which image format to use.

The Great Divide: Raster vs. Vector

Before we understand the different kinds of image formats, it is essential to know that there are two main image categories: raster and vector. All image formats will fall into either one of these two categories.

Raster Images: The World of Pixels

A raster image is similar to a mosaic tile, composed of numerous tiny squares. These tiny squares of different colors are called pixels. When viewing a raster image from a distance, you are seeing an arrangement of thousands of tiny squares that merge to create a picture.

How they work: Each pixel is associated with a color. In a given image, the more pixels it has, the more detail it represents. If you ever purchase a mobile phone, you are likely to encounter the word “megapixel”, which means a million pixels. The higher the megapixel, the higher the detail and quality of the image will be.

Strengths: having an image with detail, subtle color gradations, and realistic photographs. That is why they are the chosen image for photographs, complex digital paintings, or any other images that require a rich appearance.

Weaknesses: The only downside is that they are resolution-dependent. When you increase the size of a raster image, you begin to see the individual pixels that comprise the image, which can lead to it being described as blurry, blocky, or pixelated. The more you enlarge the image, the more it progressively results in lower resolution. Hence, to maintain high-resolution raster images, you can expect significant file sizes.

Standard Formats: JFIF, PNG, GIF89, TIFF, and HTML5.

Vector Images: The Power of Mathematics

In contrast to the mosaic approach of raster images, vector graphics are constructed using mathematical equations rather than pixels.

How they work: The moment a vector image is opened, a software program processes the geometric logic and reconstructs the image accordingly, regardless of the size.  

Strengths: No reduction in quality with adjustment to its size. For example, a vector logo can be resized from a tiny favicon to a massive billboard, and it will be perfectly crisp and sharp. They usually have very low file sizes for simple graphics.

Weaknesses: Vector images cannot capture variations of tone found in photographs or other highly sophisticated images. Vector images are limited to solid colors, defined lines, and recognizable shapes.

Standard formats include SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), AI (Adobe Illustrator), EPS (Encapsulated PostScript), and PDF (Portable Document Format), which encompasses both raster and vector elements.

Decoding the Most Common Image Formats: Raster Edition

Now that we understand the fundamental difference, let’s examine the standard raster formats and understand when they should be used appropriately.

JPEG / JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
The Workhorse of the Web for Photographs

Technically, JPEG has a lossy compressed nature. Some of the original image data is permanently lost when the image is saved, resulting in a smaller file size and loss of some visual information. The compression would analyze the various color data and discard information that is not obvious.
 
Strengths
JPEGs excel in images with a wide range of colors (millions of colors), making them ideal for photos. Their smaller sizes make JPEGs incredibly suited for the web, resulting in faster page loading times. Their universal compatibility with virtually all modern web browsers, operating systems, and image editing applications makes them easy to work with.
 
Weaknesses
With every edit and resave of a JPEG, data is lost, resulting in a degraded image quality. JPEG does not do a good job of defining the sharp edges of an image or pieces of text well as a result of compression. JPEG’s inability to support a transparent background also works against it.

When to Deploy:
JPEG images are well-suited for websites, especially when images need to be both eye-catching and load quickly. Especially so on e-commerce sites, where the quality of a product image can influence a purchasing decision. Images for social media: The quick download also makes it easier to share and download quickly on different devices.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
The Champion of Quality and Transparency

Unlike JPEG images, which lose data when altered, PNG images can be saved and resaved multiple times without any loss of image quality. Like other files, PNG images also come in several different formats.

PNG comes in 8-bit and 24-bit formats. PNG 8-bit is the format of PNG images that supports a maximum of 256 colors and offers basic transparency. In contrast, 24-bit PNG images support millions of colors and offer enhanced transparency options, including adjustable opacity levels.

PNG files preserve sharp details, such as lines and text, without compromising quality. They also support alpha channel transparency, enabling images to blend seamlessly with various backgrounds.

The advantages of PNG are also its disadvantages, as its lossless compression, transparency data, and other elements result in a larger file size as compared to a JPEG image. Also, they are unable to support animation.

When considering the application of PNG images on web pages, the PNG format is more suited for logos and branding elements, which can enhance the overall aesthetic cohesion across the site. PNG files have sharp edges that preserve logos’ clarity and integrity when resized. PNG images support transparent backgrounds, allowing them to blend smoothly into various web designs without clashing with colors or textures. Thus, opting for PNG images enables a more unified branding experience across interconnected web pages.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
The Animated Fun Images

The small, animated image you often see in chat messages and emails is a GIF image. They are actually composed of several images working together as one. They also employ a lossy compression format, which discards information when it is altered.

Positive Aspects: Each GIF file offers smooth transition effects: They are great to use as reaction images, not only because people enjoy them, but they also use less data than videos. Their widespread use is likely the result of amusing images and concise descriptions. Their simplicity makes them easier to understand as they eliminate ambiguity.

Negative Aspects: GIFs are unsuitable for photographs or images requiring a rich spectrum of colors. GIFs have a color limit of up to 256 colors. They are also unsuitable for complex animation, which requires creating many images. GIFs suffer from low quality as data is lost from over-compression.
 
GIF use cases: GIFs are great for effects in the form of reaction images on social media or blog posts.

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
The Professional’s Uncompressed Choice

WebP (Web Picture Format)
A Revolutionary Format for the Internet.

WebP is a newer image format developed by Google. WebP is designed for the web and offers both lossy and lossless compression, as well as animation and transparency features. Due to advanced compression algorithms, WebP files are significantly smaller than JPEG and PNG files for comparable picture quality.
 
Strengths: WebP files have a range of 25 to 34 percent smaller file sizes than the equivalent JPEGs. For lossless, the WebP files are 26 percent smaller than PNGs. As WebP supports an Alpha Channel, it can effectively replace JPEG, PNG, and GIF images. It also reduces bandwidth consumption, leading to a better overall SEO and user experience.

Weaknesses: Older browsers and image editing software do not support WebP, but this is changing. 

When to Deploy: WebP is more efficient than JPEG, PNG, and GIF files, making it ideal for content-heavy websites. While WebP is gaining widespread support, it’s good practice to provide JPEG or PNG fallbacks for older browsers that do not support the element in HTML.

The Vector Advantage

While raster formats dominate the photographic world, vector graphics, particularly SVG, hold a crucial place in modern web design.

SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
The Resolution-Independent Wonder

The fantastic thing about SVGs is that it is never pixelated. 

SVG is an XML-based vector image format. Because it uses mathematical descriptions, it can be rendered perfectly at any resolution. It is a text file containing drawing instructions that web browsers can interpret. This text-based nature also makes it highly searchable and indexable.
 
Strengths: Infinite scalability: The defining advantage, SVGs appear sharp and crisp on any screen, without pixelation, from a wristwatch to a 4K monitor. No need to create multiple image assets to accommodate new screen sizes. That is the defining advantage of vector images. Next is its small file sizes, which are lightweight, small, and compressed. Ideal for simple graphics. They are also excellent for responsive design and can adapt seamlessly to different screen sizes without creating multiple image assets. SEO-friendly: Since SVGs are text-based, their content can be indexed by search engines. SVG files enhance the effectiveness of outbound marketing campaigns by allowing them to be easily indexed by search engines. Styling and interactivity: Can be styled with CSS (e.g., change colors, strokes) and manipulated with JavaScript, allowing for dynamic effects and animations.

Weaknesses: Not suitable for photographs: they are unable to replicate the delicate details and gradual tone changes of raster images. Overly complex vector images may cause longer rendering times and take a significant amount of file space.

When to Deploy: Logos and branding elements: For consistency and sharpness across all platforms and devices, icons (e.g., social media icons, UI elements) retain their crispness regardless of scale. Infographics and charts: To present data clearly and legibly at any zoom level. Illustrations and line art: Where crisp lines and solid colors are desired. Interactive web elements: Where CSS or JavaScript manipulation of graphics is needed..

AVIF (AV Image File Format)
The Next-Generation Image Format for the Web

AVIF is a relatively new image format derived from the AV1 video codec. It has been gaining rapid traction as one of the most efficient formats for delivering high-quality images at dramatically reduced file sizes. Like WebP, AVIF is designed for modern web use, but it goes even further in terms of compression efficiency and visual fidelity.

Strengths: Superior Compression: AVIF consistently delivers smaller file sizes compared to JPEG, PNG, and even WebP, while maintaining image quality that is equal to or better than JPEG. High Dynamic Range (HDR) Support: AVIF can handle HDR content, making it suitable for the latest devices and displays that demand richer colors and higher contrast. Transparency & Animation: AVIF supports transparency (like PNG and WebP) and can handle animated sequences, making it a versatile replacement for multiple legacy formats. Future-Ready: Backed by major tech players, AVIF is rapidly being adopted and is considered a next-generation format.

Weaknesses: Lack of Browser Support: While adoption is growing across Chrome, Firefox, and other major browsers, older browsers and systems still lack support. Encoding Performance: AVIF encoding can be slower than JPEG or WebP, which may be a limitation in workflows that require fast batch processing. Editing Support: Not all editing tools fully support AVIF yet, though this is quickly changing.

When to Deploy: Content-Heavy Websites: AVIF’s advanced compression makes it an ideal choice for image-rich websites that aim to optimize loading speeds without compromising quality. High-End Visuals: Perfect for HDR photographs, detailed illustrations, and any visuals where quality must remain uncompromised. Forward-Looking Web Strategies: Businesses looking to future-proof their websites can adopt AVIF alongside fallback formats (like JPEG or WebP) to ensure compatibility.

Conclusion

Whether you’re a web developer striving for lightning-fast load times, a designer obsessed with pixel-perfect branding, or a blogger seeking engaging visuals, mastering image formats is a crucial skill in today’s visually driven world. Embrace these insights, and watch your digital presence flourish with crisp, fast-loading, and impactful imagery.

Be sure to check out our other post on how to use images to avoid fines from regulators.

If you are building or scaling your business, your website is one of your most powerful assets. It’s your digital storefront, your branding hub, and often the first impression you make on potential customers. And in that landscape, alt text is one of those details that can either elevate your brand visibility or leave opportunities on the table.

In this article, we’ll unpack what alt text is, why it matters, and how businesses can leverage it to maximize both accessibility and SEO. By the end, you’ll see how a few words of thoughtful description can help you win more traffic, trust, and conversions.

What Exactly Is Alt Text?

Alt text — short for alternative text — is the written description added to images on a webpage. Its primary purpose is to provide context when the image cannot be displayed or when a visitor is using a screen reader. But beyond accessibility, alt text plays a huge role in how search engines understand your content.

Here’s something that might blow your mind: Google’s sophisticated AI still can’t perfectly understand images without textual context. Search engines are also blind in a way without alt-text. While they can crawl and index your written words, they, however, can’t “see” your images. Without alt text, that valuable image content remains invisible to them. By adding descriptive alt text, you essentially translate your images into searchable language that boosts your overall SEO.

So while it may seem like a small technical detail, alt text is really a strategic tool.

Why Should I Care About Alt Text?

Here is why you should care :

Accessibility Builds Trust and Loyalty

Inclusivity is no longer optional. Many potential customers rely on screen readers due to visual impairments. If your website is missing alt text, you’re excluding a portion of your audience. By simply writing clear descriptions for your images, you show empathy and respect. And that builds loyalty.

 Alt Text Fuels Your SEO

Search engines can’t interpret images the way humans can. By writing optimized alt text, you’re essentially whispering in Google’s ear: “Here’s what this picture is about.” This extra context can help your pages rank higher, especially when your alt text includes relevant keywords naturally.

For entrepreneurs, this is free organic traffic you can’t afford to miss. Every visitor who finds you through search is one step closer to becoming a customer.

 Improves User Experience Beyond the Screen

Technical failures happen more than you think. Sometimes images don’t load. Maybe the user has a slow internet connection. Perhaps your image hosting service is experiencing technical difficulties. Sometimes corporate firewalls block certain image types or external resources. In mobile environments with limited data plans, users might disable image loading entirely to conserve bandwidth.

When that happens, alt text ensures users still understand the context. Instead of being confused by a blank square, they still get the full story.

In other words, alt text acts as your safety net. It guarantees your content communicates effectively even when technology fails.

Legal Compliance and Avoiding Risk

According to the World Health Organization, approximately 2.2 billion people worldwide have some form of vision impairment. That’s roughly one in four people on this planet.

In many regions, there are accessibility laws in place. These laws require websites to be usable by people with disabilities. Failing to be compliant can put a business at legal risk.

In 2023 alone, there were over 4,000 website accessibility lawsuits filed in the United States. That’s more than ten lawsuits every single day. Companies like Target, Netflix, and Domino‘s have faced high-profile lawsuits specifically related to website accessibility issues. Domino’s case went all the way to the Supreme Court.

These lawsuits are completely preventable. Simply adding alt text is one of the easiest ways to safeguard your business and stay compliant with regulations.

Most startups and small businesses with limited funds do not have the luxury of paying hefty settlements, so as site owners, it is best to get this remedy as soon as possible.

How to Write Effective Alt Text

Now that you know why it matters, let’s talk about how to write alt text that actually works.

 Be Descriptive, Not Robotic

Instead of writing something vague like “image” or “photo,” describe what the picture shows. For example, instead of:

  “Dog”

  “Golden retriever puppy playing with a red ball in a park”

The second example not only paints a clearer picture for users but also gives search engines more context.

 Keep It Concise

Alt text is not the place for lengthy sentences.

Aim for one short, clear description — usually under 125 characters. Screen readers cut off longer text, so brevity ensures clarity.

 Use Keywords Naturally

If your target keyword fits naturally, use it. For example, if your keyword is “eco-friendly water bottle,” and your image shows that product, your alt text could read:

  “Eco-friendly stainless steel water bottle on a wooden desk”

Avoid keyword stuffing. Forcing phrases like “eco-friendly water bottle” into every image alt text looks spammy and hurts your SEO.

 Skip Redundancy

You don’t need to write “image of” or “picture of” in your alt text.

Screen readers already announce that it’s an image. Jump straight into the description.

 Prioritize Meaningful Images

Not every single image needs detailed alt text. Decorative elements (like background patterns or design flourishes) can have empty alt attributes (`alt=””`) so they don’t clutter the experience for screen readers. Focus your energy on product images, infographics, charts, and photos that add real value.

Use Cases for Alt Text

So, how do entrepreneurs apply this practically? Let’s look at a few scenarios.

E-commerce Businesses

If you sell products online, alt text is your silent salesperson. Well-written descriptions make your products discoverable in Google Images, which drives buying intent traffic straight to your store.

For example, instead of:

  “Shoes”

  “Women’s black leather ankle boots with side zipper”

That extra detail improves both search visibility and conversion. Despite its simplicity, alt text remains one of the most overlooked aspects of web development.

Content Creators and Coaches

If you publish blogs, webinars, or guides, alt text ensures your visuals (charts, screenshots, promotional graphics) contribute to SEO. It also makes your content more accessible to a broader audience, expanding your reach.

Startups and Small Businesses

When you’re building awareness on a budget, every ounce of organic visibility matters. Alt text is one of the cheapest SEO wins available. It helps your site compete with bigger players who may overlook this detail.

Personal Branding for Entrepreneurs

If you’re building a personal brand through photos, speaking events, or media features, alt text ensures your image-based content contributes to your discoverability. Imagine someone searching for “entrepreneur keynote speaker Singapore” — if your event photo has the right alt text, you could appear.

Common Mistakes Entrepreneurs Make with Alt Text

Despite its simplicity, many entrepreneurs miss the mark. Here are mistakes to avoid:

 Keyword stuffing: Writing alt text like “alt text alt text entrepreneur SEO alt text” doesn’t fool Google.

 Being too vague: “Business image” doesn’t add value.

 Forgetting brand consistency: Use alt text to reinforce your brand voice subtly.

 Ignoring charts and infographics: Data visuals need alt text too, or you lose SEO and accessibility benefits.

Final Thoughts: Don’t Overlook the Small Things

As entrepreneurs, it’s tempting to focus only on the big, flashy strategies — product launches, ad campaigns, scaling operations. But sometimes, it’s the quiet, overlooked details that make the difference between being found and being forgotten.

Alt text may look small on the surface, but its ripple effects touch accessibility, SEO, brand reputation, and even legal compliance. By investing just a few extra minutes to write thoughtful alt text, you’re investing in a better experience for your customers and a stronger foundation for your business.

Remember the 2.2 billion people with disabilities; though they may face visual challenges, they nonetheless represent real people with real purchasing power.

So next time you upload an image, don’t just leave that alt text box blank. Use it as a chance to improve your visibility and show your customers that you care.

It’s often the little things that make the biggest impact or sink a mighty ship. If you want professional help optimizing your digital presence, drop us a note as we specialize in strategies that ensure every detail of your online presence is working for you and not against you, including alt text.

Email marketing is particularly attractive to marketers in the early days of the Internet. It costs next to nothing to use them. Marketers need not deploy any new application but leverage off existing assets the company already owns – the email system.

The idea of using emails as a marketing channel caught on and soon many marketers were blasting away to promote their company’s offerings. This behavior resulted in SPAM. It became irritating as messages were irrelevant. Also with repeated messages, it fast become annoying and was overwhelming inboxes. Eventually, this uncontrol, excessive behavior led to the birth of SPAM laws to control these spammers and their unwanted messages.

While spam laws have been around for a long time. It never resulted in many emails landing in junk or spam folders. Something else is at foot.

The rise of phishing

Now there is a newer threat in our inboxes – phishing emails. Phishing emails are more insidious and more malicious than spam emails. While spam emails were merely irritating, they didn’t cause much trouble beyond that. However, with phishing emails, it is a whole new ballgame.

Source : FBI Internet Cybercrime Report 2021

Phishing emails can cause companies and their associates (i.e. customers, stakeholders, etc.) some damaging problems. Problems like locking digital assets, stealing confidential data, taking over IT assets to launch further attacks on other organizations, etc. These are problems companies can live without.

To counter this issue, companies have set up mechanisms to deal with this new threat.

The rise of privacy regulations

One of the major drivers for companies to start taking action to protect the organization’s inboxes is regulations, specifically those relating to personal data. With regulations like GDPR, companies are liable to pay huge fines if there is a data breach of personal data.

As cybercriminals can easily enter an organization’s network via emails, incoming emails have to be protected against these perpetrators.

To meet regulatory expectations, companies have put in policies, processes and measures to protect themselves against these new regulations.

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

In the past, organizations relied on users’ inputs on whether an email was a spam email. It was a manual process, without much automation and checks.

These days not only do we have automation but built-in intelligence in spam filtering applications to detect spammy emails. With AI, the check goes deeper into the content. Hence, increasingly you might find your email not landing in the inbox if your content is not properly crafted. For example, if you are sending promotional emails to any Gmail accounts, they will not land in your inbox, but in other folders (please refer below).

The rise of service providers’ blacklists

Blacklists have existed with us for a long time now. They existed mostly in the domain of cybersecurity specialists to list out rouge IPs and domains. However, increasingly, the use of blacklists is expanding beyond the traditional use of keeping perpetrators out of the network.

Service providers, namely Internet service providers, email hosting providers, email marketing service providers, application service providers have a blacklist. The purpose of these blacklists is to weed out rouge users of their services. Why? Simple, they themselves need to be compliant to regulatory laws

To provide an affordable service, service providers use a shared-services model where its customers use an application mounted on a server. All it takes is one inconsiderate user to ruin the reputation of the IP of the server. All users on the server with the same IP will be affected. Hence, service providers are keen to identify these abusers and will not hesitate to have them removed if they fail to heed any warnings.

Let’s have a conversation if you would like to avoid your emails heading to the spam/junk folder or blacklist.